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Q: "Ranging Rod not of standard length" can be classified under principal source of error in leveling measurement as ............
  • A. Instrumental
  • B. Natural
  • C. Personal
  • D. Atmospheric
Correct Answer: Option A - Instrumental– Error may arise due to imperfection or faulty adjustment of the instrument with which measurement is being taken. For example, a tape may be too long or an angle measuring instrument may be out of adjustment. Such errors are known as instrument errors.
A. Instrumental– Error may arise due to imperfection or faulty adjustment of the instrument with which measurement is being taken. For example, a tape may be too long or an angle measuring instrument may be out of adjustment. Such errors are known as instrument errors.

Explanations:

Instrumental– Error may arise due to imperfection or faulty adjustment of the instrument with which measurement is being taken. For example, a tape may be too long or an angle measuring instrument may be out of adjustment. Such errors are known as instrument errors.