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Comprehension : Read the following information carefully and answer the given questions. The history of hypnosis is as ancient as that of sorcery, magic, and medicine; indeed, hypnosis has been used as a method in all three. Its scientific history began in the latter part of the 18th century with Franz Mesmer, a German physician who used hypnosis in the treatment of patients in Vienna and Paris. Because of his mistaken belief that hypnotism made use of an occult force (which he termed "animal magnetism") that flowed through the hypnotist into the subject, Mesmer was soon discredited; but Mesmer's method - named mesmerism after its creator - continued to interest medical practitioners. A number of clinicians made use of it without fully understanding its nature until the middle of the 19th century, when the English physician James Braid studied the phenomenon and coined the terms hypnotism and hypnosis, after the Greek gad of sleep, Hypnos. Hypnosis attracted widespread scientific interest in the 1880s. Ambraise - Auguste Liebeault, an abscure French country physician who used mesmeric techniques, drew the support of Hippalyte Bernheim, a professor of medicine at Strasbourg. Independently hey had written that hypnosis involved no physical forces and no physiological processes but was a combination of psychologically mediated responses to suggestions. During a visit to Franceat about the same time, Austrian physician Sigmund Freud was impressed by he therapeutic potential of hypnosis for neurotic disorders. On his return to Vienna, he used hypnosis to help neurotics recall disturbing events that they had apparently forgotten. As he began to develop his system of psychoanalysis, however, theoretical considerations - as well as the difficulty he encountered in hypontizing some patients- led Freud to discard hypnosis in favour of free association. Despite Freud's influential adoption and then rejection of hypnosis, some use was made of the technique in the psychoanalytic treatment of soldiers who had experienced combat neuroses during World Wars I and II. Hypnosis subsequently acquired other limited uses in medicine. Various researchers have put forth differing theories of what hypnosis is and how it might be understood, but there is still no generally accepted explanatory theory for the phenomenon. Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched ? I. Franz Mesmer - German Physician II. Sigmund Freud - French Physician III. Ambroise- Auguste Liebeault - Austrian Physician
