Explanations:
R.C.C. is composed of concrete and the reinforcement steel. Since concrete is strong in compression but weak in tension, the steel is provided in the tensile zone. As per the tensile zone is concerned, the position is depends upon the type of structure. e.g. In the cantilever beam the tensile zone is on the top. But in the general structures the tensile zone is at bottom. So reinforcement is done at bottom.