The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 2025

• The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi.
• They were awarded for their groundbreaking research on how the immune system prevents itself from attacking the body's own cells.

• Their discovery of regulatory T cells revealed how immune support is maintained.
• This discovery has led to new treatments for autoimmune diseases, cancer, and organ transplant rejection.
• The Nobel Prize carries a prize of 11 million Swedish kronor, which will be divided equally between the three scientists.

• Brunkow received her Ph.D. from Princeton University. She currently serves as a senior program manager at the Institute for Systems Biology in Seattle.
• Ramsdell completed her Ph.D. from the University of California, Los Angeles, USA.

• She now serves as a scientific advisor at Sonoma Biotherapeutics in San Francisco.
• Sakaguchi received his M.D. and Ph.D. degrees from Kyoto University in Japan.
• He is a Distinguished Professor at the Immunology Frontier Research Center at Osaka University.