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Q: Second-order moments are created in beam-columns due to
  • A. P-δ effects
  • B. P- Δ effects
  • C. due to both
  • D. none of the above
Correct Answer: Option C - A beam column is a number which carries bending moment with axial compressive force. Due to bending deflection (δ) the axial force P induces additional moment = P. δ, this additional moment is called secondary moment. In single curvature moment will be more than that in double curvature, because deflection δ in single curvature is more than double curvature.
C. A beam column is a number which carries bending moment with axial compressive force. Due to bending deflection (δ) the axial force P induces additional moment = P. δ, this additional moment is called secondary moment. In single curvature moment will be more than that in double curvature, because deflection δ in single curvature is more than double curvature.

Explanations:

A beam column is a number which carries bending moment with axial compressive force. Due to bending deflection (δ) the axial force P induces additional moment = P. δ, this additional moment is called secondary moment. In single curvature moment will be more than that in double curvature, because deflection δ in single curvature is more than double curvature.